80.— (1) In a conveyance of any class referred to in subsection (2) there are implied the covenants specified in relation to that class in Part 2 of Schedule 3, and those covenants are deemed to be made—

[CA 1881, s. 7]

(a) by the person or by each person who conveys, to the extent of the estate or interest or share of the estate or interest expressed to be conveyed by such person (“the subject-matter of the conveyance”),

(b) with the person to whom the conveyance is made, or with the persons jointly and severally, if more than one, to whom the conveyance is made as joint tenants, or with each of the persons, if more than one, to whom the conveyance is made as tenants in common,

and have the effect specified in Parts 1 and 2 of Schedule 3 .

(2) The classes of conveyance referred to in subsection (1) are—

(3) Where a conveyance is made by a person who is expressed to convey by direction of another person who is expressed to direct “as beneficial owner”, then, whether or not that other person is also expressed to convey “as beneficial owner”, the conveyance is for the purposes of this section a conveyance made by that other person expressed to convey “as beneficial owner” to the extent of the subject-matter of the conveyance made by that other person’s direction.

(4) Without prejudice to section 52(6) of the Act of 1965, where in a conveyance a person conveying is not expressed to convey “as beneficial owner”, “as trustee”, “as mortgagee”, “as personal representative”, under an order of the court or by a direction of a person “as beneficial owner”, no covenant on the part of the person conveying is implied in the conveyance.

(5) The benefit of a covenant implied under this section—

(a) is annexed to and passes with the estate or interest of the implied covenantee,

(b) is enforceable by every person, including a tenant, mortgagee and any other person deriving title from or under the implied covenantee, in whom that estate or interest, or any part of it, or an estate or interest derived out of it, is vested from time to time.

(6) A covenant implied under this section may, by the terms of the conveyance, be—

(a) excluded but not so that a sole covenant or all (as distinct from some only) of the covenants implied in relation to a person expressed to convey as specified in subsection (2) are excluded,

(b) modified and, if so modified, operates as if the modification was included in this section and Schedule 3.

(7) Any covenant implied under this section by reason of a person being expressed to convey “as beneficial owner” may, by express reference to this section, be incorporated, with or without modification, in a conveyance, whether or not for valuable consideration, by a person who is expressed to convey as specified in Class 5 of subsection (2).